This study evaluated the efficiency of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane bioreactor in treating wastewater. The performance of the bioreactor was assessed based on various parameters, including removal rates of contaminants, denitrification, and membrane fouling. The results de

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) system represents a significant innovation in wastewater treatment. These plants combine conventional activated sludge processes with membrane separation, resulting in exceptional water clarity. Recent advances in MBR technology focus on enhancing performance, reducing ener